Yuan blue and white jar Guiguzi down chart

Yuan blue and white jar Guiguzi down chart

White, blue and white porcelain , also known as the English name blue and white porcelain, which is used cobalt -containing cobalt oxide as raw material, painted decoration on the ceramic body , and then cast a layer of transparent glaze , firing a high temperature reducing flame . An underglaze color . After firing cobalt blue , with strong coloring , hair color bright , firing rate, color stability characteristics. The earliest discovered specimens of the Tang Dynasty blue and white porcelain ( some scholars have called Tang blue and white porcelain is not ) ; mature blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty ; Ming Dynasty blue and white porcelain became mainstream ; Kangxi developed to its peak. Ming and Qing Dynasties , also fired in the blue and white colored , peacock green blue and white, beans glazed blue and white, blue red color , yellow to blue and white, blue and white glaze, brother and other varieties . [ 1 ]

Blue and white porcelain - History

Blue and white porcelain

Blue and white dragon vase

Blue and white porcelain began in the Tang and Song , but in the Yuan Dynasty , Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain production has matured, this is the era of the history of Chinese porcelain progress.

Yuan Dynasty , carved Yingqing use is more common, since the emergence of solemn deep blue and white , blue carved decorative shadow will gradually relegated to secondary status .

Ming Yongle, Xuande , Chenghua years, Jiajing , Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns in blue and white , with the most prominent Kangxi blue and white , with Ying Che green , bright static Korea artistic effect, so in the Ming and Qing dynasties, a Chinese porcelain blue and white porcelain production of the mainstream , much-loved , became emperor concubines , dignitaries of the essential thing . Even the Europeans often treasured porcelain to show off their wealth. It is said that the 15th century Saxon king, I use a four team Guards to neighboring monarch exchange 12 blue and white porcelain , to please the new queen.

Guangxu ( 1875-1908 ) when the blue and white porcelain was ZTE, imitation Kangxi is a high level , but the carcass lighter , thinner glaze and astringent tire repair is not enough fine . Other objects regardless of the glaze and shape are similar with Tongzhi . Blue and white color is more common feeder . In addition to the inscription model year , there are " Changchun Gong system", " Kunning system", " Chuxiu system" , etc. ; Wei Tuo models prevalent " Kangxi " system, " if deep treasure " and so on .

After the founding of New China , Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain inherited ancient tradition of excellence , the development of fresh, bright , new varieties of flavor of the times , in the gift porcelain, exhibition porcelain box goods for export porcelain , etc., have gained remarkable achievements. Not only state organs , the Great Hall and Chinese embassies and more than 100 embassies chose blue and white porcelain , the country among major cities in hotels, restaurants, or even , organizations , families , etc. almost all blue and white porcelain . It is worth mentioning that the blue and white porcelain has become China's diplomatic protocol precious gift . As U.S. President Richard Nixon visited China in 1972 , Premier Zhou Enlai gave him a rare blue and white tableware ; October 1978 , Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping 's visit to blue stationery gifts Crown Prince of Japan , Prime Minister Fukuda .

Modern blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen Overall, Fan Qing -white enamel , verdant green material hair color , nice shape, decorated with simple and elegant artistic effect. Among the many varieties of blue and white , the people porcelain production of " blue and white tableware Indus " is a blue and white porcelain of representative products . It consists of dozens or even a hundred pieces of different sizes, different -type matching porcelain composition -type lightweight and elegant, beautiful shapely contours , lines neat and delicate, attractive color harmony .

1979 Indus people porcelain blue and white tableware produced quality products won the national gold medal , in 1984 and won the French Leipzig, Jiekebuer France , Poland Poznan International Fair three gold medal. [ 2 ]

Blue and white porcelain - Features

Blue and white are the national characteristics of China's most decorated porcelain , ceramic decoration is China earlier inventive methods.

It features one strong coloring , hair color, bright , color stability ; Second ornamentation never fade ; Three is colorful, bright and clean and elegant, with Chinese ink painting artistic charm ; Fourth, no lead , arsenic and other toxic elements, human toxic side effects ; five is not only suitable for decoration meals , tea and other daily-use porcelain , but also for decorative vases, vats and other furnishings porcelain ; six of its production of natural mineral raw materials containing cobalt rich .

Qing Gong Shi in his " Tao Song" praised this blue and white : " an igneous blue glaze , the glaze seeped from a distinct flower which can participate in innate wonderful good fortune , Promise origin of Tai Chi ."

Chinese blue and white porcelain of various dynasties , especially their own characteristics .

Tang blue and white ( 618-907 )

Tang blue and white porcelain

Tang blue and white porcelain

Tang Dynasty blue and white porcelain blue and white porcelain abuse is in mourning period . The specimens are now able to see the 1970s-1980s unearthed porcelain pieces Yangzhou than twenty films ; Hong Kong Fung Ping Shan Museum collection a blue and white striped complex ; Boston Museum of a Floral Bowl ; museum in Copenhagen, Denmark demersum pattern of a tank ; Nanjing Museum collection of a stippling plum flower pattern unit cover. Tiles unearthed by Yangzhou tires, glaze, color studies , and Tang Gong county kiln material and technical conditions for analysis , preliminary determination Tang Gong county Henan origin of blue and white kiln . Gong Xian unearthed in recent years in a small amount of blue and white porcelain kiln kiln specimens, thus further confirm the origin of the Tang blue and white kiln in Henan Gong county .

Blue and white porcelain pieces unearthed from Yangzhou view, the hair color gaudy green material with crystal plaque for the low low iron copper cobalt manganese should be imported from West Asia cobalt . Taizhi more thick pine , was m gray , sintering was poor . Yellowish white in the end of the glaze , enamel thick . Glaze makeup applied between soil . -Type dominated by small pieces , there are complex , bowls , jars , cover. In addition to the museum in Copenhagen, Denmark ornamentation of Ceratophyllum grain tank , the rest of the lines are flowers . Flowers pattern which was divided into two categories, one category is a typical Chinese traditional flowers in pink , plum and other small flowers is more common ; another diamond and other geometry in the folder to loose leaf pattern , typical of Arab pattern ornamentation . From this point of view, combined with Tang blue and white unearthed more locations ( Yangzhou important port for the Tang Dynasty ) , Ming Dynasty blue and white porcelain provable mainly for export.

Sung Blue ( 960-1279 )

After a start-up period after the Tang blue and white , and no developed rapidly , but toward the decline. So far, only to see the Song Dynasty blue and white tower unearthed from two dozen films tiles . First, the 1957 excavations in Longquan County, were unearthed 13 blue and white bowl fragments . The tower has an absolute brick tower dating Song " Taipingxingguo years" ( 977 ) ; another was in 1970 in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Tsui tower Taki , unearthed fragments of a blue and white bowl abdomen . The Tata Ji tower monument unearthed proof salty Chun This tower was built in the first year ( 1265 ) .

This ten piece Song porcelain pieces are fragments of bowls . Taizhi some thicker, some thinner . There ornamentation chrysanthemum pattern, circle pattern , string , lined and so on. Blue hair color before one of the thick, black ; after one of the lighter . Hair color than black , should be transparent glaze is too thin for the sake cover . Zhejiang province itself has a rich soil cobalt ore , which is the use of blue and white porcelain should local cobalt . They are blue and white with no direct continuation of Don relationship .